TOKYO—A key smartphone component and a niche mobile game are guiding Sony Corp. SNE 11.74% toward the highest fiscal-year profit in its 71-year history, a milestone reflecting a comeback for the long-troubled conglomerate.

For the fiscal year ending in March, Sony now anticipates an operating profit of ¥630 billion ($5.56 billion) on ¥8.5 trillion in revenue, revising its previous forecast of ¥500 billion on ¥8.3 trillion. The figure, if reached, would blow past the prior record, set in fiscal 1997, and back up the market consensus that years of huge losses and drastic overhauls are well behind the Japanese tech giant.

The revision was “unexpected” and a “blowout,” said Atul Goyal, an analyst at Jefferies. It came as Sony delivered a better-than-expected second-quarter operating profit Tuesday of ¥204.2 billion that was boosted by image sensors used in smartphones and the mobile game “Fate/Grand Order.”

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